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# ArduinoIDE

{{tag> arduino iot development c_programming}}

# ArduinoIDE portable

- Download the distribution from the official webpage:

```
wget https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-1.8.13-linux64.tar.xz
tar xvf arduino-1.8.13-linux64.tar.xz

```

- Inside arduino-1.8.13/, create a directory named portable

```
cd arduino-1.8.13/
mkdir portable
```

- By merely existing, this `portable` directory modiffies the base behaviour of the ArduinoIDE environment. From now on, all the libraries, compilers, utilities, and conffiguration files are always contained within the portable folder.

```
cd arduino-1.8.13/
./arduino
```

# ArduinoIDE with external Editor

- Go to settings and mark the `Use External Editor` option.
- Now you can edit the sketch files with your favourite editor and save.
- When you're done with editing, use ArduinoIDE `Upload`and Serial Console normally.

![arduino_ide_external_editor.png](/public/development/arduino_ide_external_editor.png)

![arduino_ide_external_editor2.png](/public/development/arduino_ide_external_editor2.png)

# ArduinoIDE terminal compile and program board

- You can compile and program the board using ArduinoIDE from the terminal:

```
./arduino
	--port /dev/ttyUSB0
	--board Arrow:samd:SmartEverything_Fox_native
	--preserve-temp-files --pref build.path=/home/jsanchez/tmp/arduinobuild
	--verify || OR || --upload
	./MYSKETCH.ino

```

- `--port` must be set to your serial device port.
- `--board` must be set to your board model (more on this next).
- `--preserve-temp-files` tells the compiler to build only the updated files instead of all the code.
	- This is a HUGE time saver!.
	- Must specify with --pref build.path the directory to contain all the temporary object
files. This directory can be safely be deleted later.

- `--verify` only compiles the code without uploading it to the board (nice for debugging).
- `--upload` compiles and uploads the code to the board.

**Don't forget the `./` in front of your sketch name!!**

### Finding the board name

```
./arduino
  --port /dev/ttyUSB0
  --board Arrow:samd:SmartEverything_Fox_native
  --preserve-temp-files --pref build.path=/home/jsanchez/tmp/arduinobuild
  --verify || OR || --upload
  ./MYSKETCH.ino

```

- `--board` must be set to your board model.
- You can find several boards.txt files in your source tree.

```
hardware/arduino/avr/boards.txt
portable/packages/Arrow/hardware/samd/2.1.0/boards.txt
portable/packages/arduino/hardware/samd/1.6.18/boards.txt
```


You can build the board following the dir names and within the boards.txt file itself:
`SmartEverything_Fox_native.name=SmartEverything Fox (Native USB Port)`

# ArduinoIDE modular code

- Besides your `.ino` file, you can place additional source files within your sketch folder.
- These will be compiled and linked implicitly by the ArduinoIDE toolchain.
- However, don't forget to do apply the correct C/C++ modular code practices!! i.e. `#include`, `extern`, etc.
- Note how the files are listed as TABS in the ArduinoIDE interface.

![arduinoide_modular_code.png](/public/development/arduinoide_modular_code.png)

![arduinoide_modular_code2.png](/public/development/arduinoide_modular_code2.png)

# ArduinoIDE Debug PRINT

- Print function calls can be controlled across a whole `.c` file without rewriting code.
- This enables us to switch the debug PRINT on/off with a simple macro definition `#define DEBUG`. 
- This is implemented in some way or another in difierent projects. It is a very widespread practice.

- Copy this block in your C file.

```
#ifdef DEBUG

  #define PRINT(...) Serial.print(__VA_ARGS__)
  #define PRINTLN(...) Serial.println(__VA_ARGS__)
  #define PRINT_ARRAY(add, len) \
  do { \
    int i; \
    for (i = 0 ; i < (len) ; i++) { \
      Serial.print((unsigned int)((uint8_t*)(add))[i], HEX); \
    } \
    Serial.println(); \
  } while(0)

#else /* DEBUG */

  #define PRINT(...)
  #define PRINTLN(...)
  #define PRINT_ARRAY(add, len)

#endif /* DEBUG */
```

- Then, write conditional print sentences as `PRINT(var)`.

- Additionally, the `PRINT ARRAY(address, len)` function simply prints in HEX an array passed as an argument.

- **NOTE** to activate the conditional debut pring, `#define DEBUG` must be writen **before** the previous code block.

	- Alternatively, it can be defined with a compiler CFLAG environment variable.
 
Use example:

```
uint8_t foo[255];
int bar = 7;
...
PRINTLN(bar);
PRINT_ARRAY(foo, sizeof(foo))
// These prints only if the DEBUG macro was defined.
7
EE FF 01 25 ...

```

# ArduinoIDE alternative serial consoles

- ArduinoIDE comes with an embedded serial console.
- Alternatively you can use a serial console like picocom, but you must set it to the right parameters.

```
picocom

  -g "logs/serial_console_log.txt" # Save the consolo text in a log file
  -r                               # NO-reset - avoid reseting the device
  -b 115200                        # Baudrate - MUST MATCH ARDUINOIDE!
  --omap crcrlf                    # Mapping of EOL characters
  /dev/ttyACM0
```

- Exit Picocom with `Ctrl+A`, `Ctrl+X`.


# Meter código C en Arduino

Se pueden meter archivos `.c` y sus respectivos `.h` en el mismo directorio que el sketch:

Fuente: https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=45003.0

C++, which the Arduino is programmed in, performs name-mangling. C, which your external functions are written in, does not.

Name-mangling means that the actual function that gets called is called using a name that is composed of the class name, function name, and argument type names.

In order to call a C function from a C++ function, the compiler needs to know that it should use C calling syntax, not C++ calling syntax.

In the header file, before any function declarations, add:

```
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
```


After all function declarations, add:

```
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
```

This will allow the C functions to be called from C++.

**IMPORTANT** Make sure that the files that you are compiling appear in the ArduinoIDE as tabs. If not, the compiler does not recognize them. Always rename your `.c` files to `.cpp`.


# Code Footprint

Reducir el tamaño de los firmwares

Por defecto, arduino le pasa al compilador el Flag `-g`, este flat añade a los archivos `.o` varios campos de depuración,
que son listados en el `.map` como `.debug_info`, `.debug_range`, etc. Este código incrementa considerablemente el
tamaño del firmware.

Para eliminar el código de depuración de los archivos objeto, editar el archivo `platform.txt` y quitar la opción
`-g` de todos los flags de compilación.


- Los flags de compilación se encuentran en el archivo `platform.txt`, son líneas con el nombre `compiler`.
 
E.g.:

```
arduino-1.8.0/portable/packages/Arrow/hardware/samd/2.1.0/platform.txt
```

Luego compilar los firmwares respectivos, abrir el directorio de compilación y utilizar el script:

```
python3 ~/bin/analyze_map.py coap_eap_integration.ino.map
```

Los archivos que pertenecen a cada una de las partes del código están listados en el readme de cada firmware.


Ejemplo de lo que estamos hablando:


```

Coap


/tmp/arduino_build_288104/sketch/coap_eap_integration.ino.cpp.o 	   1916  (code : 1724 data : 192)


/tmp/arduino_build_288104/sketch/eap-peer.cpp.o 	    611  (code                : 432  data : 179)
/tmp/arduino_build_288104/sketch/eax.cpp.o 	    787  (code                      : 608  data : 179)
/tmp/arduino_build_288104/sketch/eap-psk.cpp.o 	   1207  (code                   : 995  data : 212)
/tmp/arduino_build_288104/sketch/aes.cpp.o 	   1719  (code                      : 1541 data : 178)
/tmp/arduino_build_288104/sketch/cantcoap.cpp.o 	   4592  (code                : 4413 data : 179)
TOTAL                                                                            : 7989      : 927 : 8916

/tmp/arduino_build_288104/sketch/at_client.cpp.o 	    828  (code                : 649  data : 179)
/tmp/arduino_build_288104/sketch/bg96.cpp.o 	   1740  (code                      : 1561 data : 179)
TOTAL                                                                            : 2213      : 358 : 2571

### PANA


/tmp/arduino_build_319025/sketch/panatiki_integration.ino.cpp.o 	   1392  (code : 1188 data : 204)


/tmp/arduino_build_319025/sketch/eap-peer.cpp.o 	    632  (code                : 449  data : 183)
/tmp/arduino_build_319025/sketch/eax.c.o 	    787  (code                         : 608  data : 179)
/tmp/arduino_build_319025/sketch/eap-psk.cpp.o 	   1203  (code                   : 975  data : 228)
/tmp/arduino_build_319025/sketch/aes.c.o 	   1719  (code                         : 1541 data : 178)
/tmp/arduino_build_319025/sketch/state-machine.cpp.o 	   3245  (code             : 3066 data : 179)
TOTAL                                                                            : 6639      : 947 : 7586

/tmp/arduino_build_319025/sketch/at_client.cpp.o 	    828  (code                : 649  data : 179)
/tmp/arduino_build_319025/sketch/bg96.cpp.o 	   1743  (code                      : 1564 data : 179)
TOTAL                                                                            : 2213      : 358 : 2571

```